PSG has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.